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Sport(s) - Sport Soccer - Fußball Chess - Schach Homework - Hausaufgaben All three verbs that you were introduced to in Lesson 1 are irregular in some way. Most verbs, however, follow the "Best Ten
Ten" endings: For example, the verbs spielen and machen. What are you doing? - Was machst du? Note the last sentence. In English one plays a sport, while in German one does a sport. You can also use the
w-words from Lesson 1 to make
some more combinations. Why do you play baseball? - Warum spielst du Baseball? To say "not", use "nicht". "Nicht" goes after the verb but before the sport. Who doesn't play soccer? - Wer spielt nicht Fußball? Both German and English have compound sentences, using conjunctions. You may remember (maybe from Conjunction Junction) that there
are three common conjunctions, and, but and or. The German translations for
these are und (the d sounds a bit like a t), aber (ah-bare) and oder
(oh-dare). You already learned 'und' in Lesson 1. The applications of these are enormous. They can be used in lists, but also in compound sentences. For example, "I play
basketball, and he also plays basketball." ("Ich spiele Basketball, und er spielt auch Basketball.") Here are some more verbs having to do with activities: lesen - to read Schauen, schreiben and schwimmen have normal conjugations. To figure a conjugation out, take off the 'en' and put the
appropriate ending on. For example, ich schwimme. Arbeiten has a simple change. Whenever the ending starts with a consonant, an 'e' is added before it. In other words, du
arbeitest and er/sie/es/ihr arbeitet. Lesen is an irregular verb. First, when forming the du-form, you do not add an extra 's'. The only other change occurs in the
du- and er/sie/es-forms. In both of these, the first 'e' becomes 'ie'. In other words, du/er/sie/es liest and everything
else is the same. Sehen experiences only the second of those two changes. Du siehst und Er/sie/es sieht. Note that this causes
the er/sie/es- and ihr- forms to be different in both verbs. There are two more verb forms in English that you will learn this lesson: the present perfect ("I am playing, he is making"),
and the affirmative "I do play, he does not play", which includes a form of 'to do'. It might be tempting to make the present perfect sentence, "I am playing." into "Ich bin spielen.". After all, 'spielen'
sounds a lot like 'play-ing', but that is not the definition. 'Spielen' means 'to play', which makes "Ich bin spielen." into "I
am to play.", not at all what you are trying to say. So it is not "Ich bin spielen." The second phrase, "I do play", is another tricky one. This one may seem like, "Ich mache spielen." But don't forget, there
are no helping verbs in German. "Ich mache spielen." just doesn't work. Both of the phrases above are simplified in German. Instead of "I am playing." and "I do play.", German makes them both simply
"I play." When using 'not', instead of "does not play", you get "plays not". This may sound like old English, and there you see
where English came from, and why it is called a "Germanic" language. In German, there are several ways to express likes and dislikes. One casual way is to use the combination of the verb haben
and gern. For example, "Ich habe ____ gern." means "I like ____.". "Ich spiele gern ____." means "I
like to play ____." Note: gern means something like "gladly" in comparison with English. For example, "Ich spiele gern Fußball." or "Was machst du gern?". To express preference (comparitive), use lieber instead of gern. For example, "Wir spielen
lieber Fußball." To express favorites (superlative), you use am liebsten, meaning "most of all", in the same context as
lieber. For example, "Ich spiele Schach am liebsten.". To express dislikes, use nicht gern instead of gern. For example: "Wir spielen nicht gern Fußball." The first big unit in this Level 1 is time. German time is very much like English time. However, we must begin with German
numbers. This table shows the basic numbers in German. To say, twenty-one, say "Einundzwanzig" - all one word. 'Eins' drops its 's'
whenever it is in that position. Therefore, that means "One and twenty", in German. One more change happens at 16 and 60: Instead of creating a word with 'sz' (sechszig, sechszehn), the 's' is dropped, creating
sechzig (60) and sechzehn (16). Watch out for 'Dreißig'. It is not formed with -zig at the end like all other decades ("zwanzig, vierzig, fünfzig, ...")! To say numbers higher than 99: For example, 2984 is said, "Zweitausendneunhundertvierundachtzig." (Zwei tausend neun hundert vier und achtzig) In German, there are two common ways to ask the time. You can say, "Wie viel Uhr ist es?", which means literally, "What time
is it?". However, it is seldom used anymore. The more common way is to say, "Wie spät ist es?", even though this only means, "How
late is it?". Specific times can be expressed in two ways: exact form ("Four thirty-seven"), or before/after form ("Twenty-three to
five"). This form is the same as English. To say, "It is 10:15 a.m.", say "Es ist Zehn Uhr Fünfzehn." Notice the Uhr. This
means "o'clock", but is used in all exact times. Germans use a 24-hour clock, like other countries in Europe. To convert to American time, if it is above 12, subtract 12. So
Achtzehn Uhr is the equivalent of (18 - 12 =) 6 p.m. in American time. To convert to German time, add 12 if it is p.m. 4 p.m. is
therefore Sechzehn Uhr. If given an hour below 12, assume it is a.m. Since Germans use a 24-hour clock, the time between midnight and 1 a.m. is 24:__. "Noon" is said as "Mittag", and "Midnight" is "Mitternacht" After - nach Use the same form as in English. For example, 10:57 can be said as, "drei vor Elf." Likewise, 4:10 would be "zehn nach Vier."
Typically, use the smaller number with 'nach' or 'vor'. Don't say, "siebenundfünfzig nach Zehn." Note: This is only used with informal time telling. You don't use 'Uhr', and you forget all about the 24 hour clock. So 5 p.m.
is said the same as 5 a.m. There are also a couple more words for :15, :45: and :30... quarter - Viertel half before - Halb quarter before - Dreiviertel (used mostly in eastern Germany) Use these words just as you use others, except that you don't need a vor when using halb. For example, 11:30 can be
said as, "Halb zwölf" and 5:15 can be said as "Viertel nach Fünf", 5:45 would be "Viertel vor Sechs" or "Dreiviertel Sechs". Wann spielst du Fußball? To say you play a sport at a certain time in English, you would answer, "I play Fußball at 3:30." This is all the
same in German, with the translation of 'at' being um. That makes the above response "Ich spiele Fußball um halb Vier."
or "Ich spiele Fußball um fünfzehn Uhr dreißig.". In German and English, many times one would want to approximate, such as "tomorrow afternoon". Here are the German
translations: *In German, except the capitalization, the words for "morning" and "tomorrow" are the same:
morgen. The words above can be combined into phrases like "heute Nachmittag" or "gestern Abend". Note that the time of day stays
capitalized (it is a noun) and the day stays lowercase (it is an adverb). German days and months are very similar to English months: Note the order of the days of the week. The German week begins on Monday. To say "on Monday", say "am Montag" or whatever applies. To say "in January", say "im Januar" or whatever
applies. This is the same for all of the days and months. You can also combine the times of day from earlier with the days of the week. But they're both nouns. To do this, therefore,
we must combine the two words into one, as in "Dienstagnacht" (Tuesday night). For example, to say "on the 25th of December", say "am fünfundzwanzigsten Dezember". In Germany, dates are written out in the logical order Day / Month / Year, instead of the American Month / Day /
Year. For example, vierzehnten August is written as 14/8. Birthday - Geburtstag To say, "My birthday is on July 20th", say, "Ich habe am zwanzigsten Juli Geburtstag." Note the order; it translates back
literally as "I have on the 20th of July birthday." This kind of thing is common in German. To celebrate someone's birthday in German, there are two common phrases. Simply "Happy Birthday" is "Alles Gute zum
Geburtstag!" and "Best wishes on your birthday!" is "Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum Geburtstag!" If you were sending a card, you
would most likely use the second one. >> Spring - Frühling in (the) - im For example, to say "in Summer", say "im Sommer". To say "I play baseball in summer.", say "Ich spiele Baseball im
Sommer.". If you want to express a certain period of time, but it doesn't have a specific name, like Nachmittag, you can do it
like this: von (starting time) bis (ending time). This is the same as from ... till ... in English. This can also apply with dates. For example, "Wir haben Schule (school) von Montag bis Freitag". Wie oft? There are many ways to answer this question. Two are "once/twice/three times in a ...", or "always/often/never.". To say, "once a month", or "four times a week", add "mal" to the end of the number and say "in the ...". Here are the
translations for "in the ...": Day - am Tag For example, "We bowl twice a week." is "Wir spielen zweimal in der Woche Kegeln." always - immer only - nur To apply these words, put them in the sentence, after the verb and subject, but before the sport/activity.
You can also use 'nur' to say things like, "Sie spielt nur manchmal Tennis." Note that if this is translated word-for-word, it
becomes, "She plays only sometimes tennis.", not "She only sometimes plays tennis." or "She only plays tennis sometimes." That's
just the way German is. Time - die Zeit To say you have time, ignore the 'die'. To say when, insert other phrases you have learned this lesson. For example, "Ich habe
am Samstagabend Zeit." Note that the word order is the same as that of birthdays. You can use Freizeit in the same way. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||